Fat Oxidation

Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed as a once-weekly injectable treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. It is a synthetic 39-amino-acid peptide that activates two gut incretin hormone receptors at the same time, and it is marketed under the brand names Mounjaro for diabetes and Zepbound for chronic weight management. First approved in the United States in 2022, it has since been authorized for obstructive sleep apnea and studied across a range of cardiometabolic conditions.

5 outlets

Retatrutide

Retatrutide (development code LY3437943) is an investigational once-weekly injectable peptide that activates three gut and pancreatic hormone receptors at once: the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. Developed by Eli Lilly, it is being studied for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. In a Phase 2 obesity trial it produced substantial weight loss, and it has advanced into Phase 3 testing.

5 outlets

PPAR Modulator

Cardarine

Cardarine (GW501516) is a selective PPAR-delta agonist prized in research for its dramatic effects on endurance and fat metabolism. In animal studies it reprograms muscle toward fat-burning, oxidative fibers and markedly extends running capacity, earning it the nickname exercise mimetic. It remains one of the most studied metabolic research chemicals for endurance and lipid science.

Blend

5-Amino/MIC

5-Amino/MIC is a combination formulation that pairs the NNMT inhibitor 5-Amino-1MQ with the classic lipotropic trio MIC, namely methionine, inositol, and choline. It is designed to attack body fat from two directions at once; 5-Amino-1MQ reprograms fat-cell metabolism by raising NAD, while the MIC lipotropics support the liver's handling and export of fat. Popular in physique and weight-management circles, it bundles a modern metabolic target with time-tested fat-metabolism cofactors in a single stack.

Blend

Lipo-MIC + NAD+

Lipo-MIC + NAD+ is a lipotropic injectable that pairs the fat-metabolizing MIC nutrients (methionine, inositol, and choline) with NAD+, the coenzyme at the center of cellular energy production. The MIC compounds help the liver package and export fat rather than store it, while NAD+ fuels mitochondrial energy metabolism and activates sirtuins involved in fat handling. Combining lipid support with a foundational energy coenzyme, it is a modern take on the classic lipotropic injection for those pursuing fat loss and vitality.

AMPK

Berberine

Berberine is a bright-yellow isoquinoline alkaloid found in several plants, including barberry, goldenseal, and Chinese goldthread, and used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Modern research has focused on its ability to lower blood sugar and improve cholesterol and other lipids, effects that work largely by activating the cellular energy sensor AMPK. It is widely sold as a dietary supplement, though its absorption is poor and it is not an approved drug in Western countries.

Cyanidin

Cyanidin is a naturally occurring flavonoid pigment belonging to the anthocyanidin class, responsible for many of the red, purple, and magenta colors seen in fruits, flowers, and leaves. It is widespread in plants and especially abundant in berries, red cabbage, red grapes, and other deeply colored produce, usually present as sugar-bound forms called anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3-glucoside. Like other anthocyanidins its color shifts with acidity, and it is studied for antioxidant and other biological activities. In food it is recognized as the natural colorant designated E163a.

Flavonoid

EGCG

EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) is the most abundant and most studied catechin in green tea, a flavonoid polyphenol that accounts for much of the leaf's reputation for health. It is a strong antioxidant and metabolic modulator that shows up in the research on fat oxidation, cardiovascular and metabolic health, inflammation, and longevity. Most of its effects are hormetic (a mild stress the body adapts to), and the honest catch is that isolated high-dose EGCG on an empty stomach carries a rare liver-injury signal, so it is best taken with food.

Nootropic

Forskolin

Forskolin is a natural compound belonging to the labdane diterpenes, extracted from the roots of the Indian coleus plant (Plectranthus barbatus, also known as Coleus forskohlii). It is best known in biology as a laboratory tool because it directly switches on the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, raising cellular levels of the messenger molecule cAMP. The plant has a history in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, and forskolin is also sold as a dietary supplement, often marketed for weight loss, though the evidence for that use is weak. In research it is prized for its ability to raise cAMP in almost any cell without needing a specific receptor.

Nootropic

Guarana

Guarana is a climbing plant native to the Amazon basin, classified as Paullinia cupana in the soapberry family Sapindaceae, whose seeds are prized for an unusually high caffeine content. Indigenous peoples of the region, including the Sateré-Mawé, have long processed the seeds into a dried paste used to brew a stimulating beverage. Today the seed powder and its extracts are used chiefly as a caffeine source in soft drinks, energy drinks, and dietary supplements.

GLP-1

Liraglutide

Liraglutide is an acylated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist given by once-daily subcutaneous injection, marketed as Victoza for type 2 diabetes and as Saxenda at higher dose for weight management. By activating GLP-1 receptors it augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion with low hypoglycemia risk, and its weight-lowering effect is attributed mainly to central appetite suppression rather than the more transient slowing of gastric emptying, which is subject to desensitization. Beyond glycemic control, the LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial showed that liraglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes, and further study demonstrated histological resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. These extra-pancreatic actions across the cardiovascular, hepatic, and central nervous systems have positioned it as a foundational agent in the incretin therapeutic class.

Nootropic

MCT Oil

MCT oil is a fat made of medium-chain triglycerides, usually the C8 (caprylic) and C10 (capric) fatty acids fractionated out of coconut or palm kernel oil. Unlike normal dietary fat, these shorter chains skip the lymphatic route and travel straight to the liver via the portal vein, where they're burned fast and partly converted to ketone bodies. That gives a quick alternative fuel for muscle and brain, a small bump in energy expenditure, and a mild satiety effect.

2 outlets

SR-9011

SR-9011 is a synthetic agonist of the REV-ERB nuclear receptors and a close structural analogue of SR-9009. Acting on these circadian clock receptors, it reprograms fuel metabolism across the day, and in rodents it raises energy expenditure and fat oxidation while reducing body weight. It is widely used as a research tool for dissecting how the body clock connects to metabolism, immunity, sleep, and cell proliferation.

Stimulant

Yohimbine

Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid obtained mainly from the bark of the West African tree Pausinystalia johimbe (yohimbe). Pharmacologically it acts chiefly as an antagonist of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, and it has a long history as a purported aphrodisiac and a treatment for erectile dysfunction. It is available in some countries as a prescription drug and elsewhere as a dietary supplement, though its stimulant-like cardiovascular effects and inconsistent product quality have raised safety concerns.

Survodutide

Survodutide is an investigational once-weekly glucagon receptor and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist positioned at the frontier of next-generation metabolic therapeutics. By engaging two complementary pathways, it pairs powerful appetite suppression with increased energy expenditure to drive substantial weight reduction and striking improvements in liver health. In phase 2 and phase 3 trials it delivered double-digit body weight loss and reversed steatohepatitis in a majority of treated participants, marking it as one of the most closely watched dual agonists in development.

5-Amino-1MQ

5-Amino-1MQ (5-amino-1-methylquinolinium) is a selective, orally active small-molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), the metabolic enzyme increasingly targeted for fat loss and metabolic health. By blocking NNMT it raises cellular NAD and shifts fat cells toward burning rather than storing energy, which in preclinical work translated into reduced body weight, smaller fat cells, and lower cholesterol without suppressing appetite. It has become one of the most talked-about research compounds in the metabolic and longevity space.

6 outlets

BAM15

BAM15 is a mitochondrial uncoupler, a protonophore that dissipates the mitochondrial proton gradient so cells burn more fuel and expend more energy without suppressing appetite. Its defining advantage over older uncouplers such as 2,4-dinitrophenol is selectivity: it shuttles protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane without depolarizing the plasma membrane, giving it a much wider safety window, and it also activates the energy sensor AMPK. In preclinical studies it reversed diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, reduced body and liver fat, and improved glycemic control while preserving lean mass and food intake; it remains an investigational agent.

Stimulant

Clenbuterol

Clenbuterol is used for fat loss, and that is the only reason most people encounter it, so it is worth being direct about what the evidence supports. It is a long-acting beta-2 agonist licensed in some countries as an asthma bronchodilator and widely used in veterinary medicine; it raises metabolic rate and drives lipolysis, and in livestock and rodents it reliably shifts body composition toward lean mass [32][31]. What is missing is the human version of that result. There is no controlled trial showing clenbuterol produces meaningful fat loss in healthy people, while there is a systematic review of case reports documenting what it does produce: tachycardia, arrhythmia, myocarditis and hospital admissions [14]. The gap between those two literatures is the whole story.

L-Carnitine

L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compound that the body builds from the amino acids lysine and methionine. It plays a central part in energy metabolism by ferrying long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane, where they are broken down to release energy. Present in the highest amounts in red meat and other animal foods and also made internally, it is used medically to treat carnitine deficiency and is widely sold as a dietary supplement for heart, metabolic, and exercise-related purposes.

6 outlets

AMPK

AICAR

AICAR is the original exercise mimetic, an AMPK-activating compound famous for enhancing endurance without a single workout. In a landmark study, four weeks of AICAR alone boosted running endurance in sedentary mice by 44 percent, switching on the same metabolic genes that exercise activates. Coveted for its ability to reprogram muscle toward fat-burning, endurance, and improved glucose handling, it remains one of the most sought-after metabolic and performance compounds in research.

4 outlets

MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that acts as one of the body's own regulators of metabolism, energy, and healthy aging. Encoded inside the mitochondrial genome and released during exercise, it switches on the master energy sensor AMPK to improve insulin sensitivity, glucose handling, and physical performance. Backed by a fast-growing body of research from its discovery at USC, it sits at the leading edge of longevity and metabolic science.

7 outlets

SLU-PP-332

SLU-PP-332 is the founding compound of the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) agonist class of exercise mimetics, a synthetic pan-agonist with the highest potency for ERR-alpha. By activating the nuclear receptors that master mitochondrial metabolism, it switches on a genetic program resembling acute aerobic exercise, boosting endurance, mitochondrial function, and fat oxidation in animal models. It is the molecule that opened the door to pharmacologically capturing the benefits of exercise.

4 outlets

Thyroid

T3

T3, sold generically as liothyronine, is a synthetic form of triiodothyronine, the most metabolically active thyroid hormone. It is prescribed for hypothyroidism and the severe state known as myxedema coma, to prepare thyroid-cancer patients for radioiodine treatment, and at times as an add-on to antidepressant therapy. Relative to the storage hormone thyroxine, it acts faster and more powerfully but for a shorter time.

Adiponectin

Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted mainly by fat cells that helps regulate blood sugar and the breakdown of fatty acids. Encoded by the ADIPOQ gene, it is one of the most abundant hormones in human blood and improves the body's sensitivity to insulin while exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Unusually for a fat-derived hormone, its levels tend to fall rather than rise with obesity, and low levels are linked to type 2 diabetes and metabolic disease.

Adipotide

Adipotide, also known as prohibitin-targeting peptide-1, is an experimental peptide designed to cause weight loss by destroying the blood supply of white fat. It works by homing to the vasculature that feeds fat tissue and triggering the death of those blood vessels, which starves the surrounding fat cells. Developed in academic cancer-research laboratories, it produced rapid weight loss in obese mice and monkeys but remains investigational and has not been approved for human use.

Adaptogen

Ashitaba

Ashitaba is the common name for Angelica keiskei, a perennial flowering plant in the carrot family (Apiaceae) native to the Pacific coast of Japan. Its Japanese name means "tomorrow's leaf," a reference to how quickly it regrows after being cut. The plant is eaten as a vegetable and used in Japanese folk medicine, and its yellow sap is notable for containing distinctive chalcones, chiefly xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin, which are the focus of most laboratory research.

Banaba Leaf Extract

Banaba leaf extract is a botanical extract from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa, a flowering tree of the family Lythraceae native to tropical Asia, also known as giant crepe-myrtle or pride of India. Long used as a leaf tea in Southeast Asian folk medicine for lowering blood sugar, the extract is valued for two main constituents, the triterpene corosolic acid and a group of ellagitannins. It is marketed as a dietary supplement for blood-sugar and metabolic support, with most supporting evidence coming from animal studies and small human trials.

Adaptogen

Bitter Melon Extract

Bitter melon extract is a herbal preparation derived from Momordica charantia, a tropical and subtropical vine of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) whose warty, intensely bitter fruit is both a vegetable and a traditional medicine. Long used in Asian, African, and Caribbean cooking and folk remedies, the plant and its extracts have been studied mainly for a possible blood-sugar-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes [1]. Clinical evidence for this use is mixed and generally of low quality, with some trials and analyses suggesting a modest benefit and others finding no clear effect [2][3]. It is sold as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules, powders, teas, and juices.

Chitosan

Chitosan is a natural linear polysaccharide made by chemically modifying chitin, the tough material found in the shells of shrimp, crabs, and other crustaceans, as well as in fungal cell walls [1][2]. Produced by removing acetyl groups from chitin, it is biodegradable, biocompatible, and carries a positive charge in acidic conditions, properties that have made it useful across agriculture, water treatment, wound care, and drug delivery [1][2]. It is also sold as a dietary supplement marketed for weight loss and cholesterol control, although the clinical evidence for those uses is weak [1][3].

Chlorogenic Acid

Chlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenol, formed as an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, that is found in many plants and is especially abundant in coffee [1][2]. Despite its name it contains no chlorine; the term refers to the light green tint it forms when oxidized [1]. It is one of the main phenolic compounds in the human diet, obtained from coffee, fruits, and vegetables, and standardized green coffee extracts rich in it are sold as supplements for weight and metabolic health [1][3]. Laboratory work points to antioxidant activity, and some clinical studies suggest modest effects on blood pressure and metabolism, but the overall evidence remains preliminary [1][3][4].

CLA

CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) is a family of naturally occurring fatty acids that are isomers of linoleic acid, found mainly in the meat and dairy of ruminant animals such as cattle and sheep. It is sold as a dietary supplement marketed for fat loss and body composition, based largely on animal studies. In humans the evidence is mixed, with only modest effects on body fat at best.

Evodiamine

Evodiamine is a naturally occurring alkaloid extracted from the fruit of Evodia (Tetradium ruticarpum), a plant long used in traditional Chinese medicine. Chemically it is an indole alkaloid and one of the plant's major bioactive constituents. It has been studied in laboratory and animal research for a range of effects, including thermogenic and anti-obesity actions resembling those of capsaicin and anticancer activity, and it is sold as an ingredient in some dietary supplements. Its effects and safety in humans, however, have not been well established.

Fucoxanthin

Fucoxanthin is a natural orange-brown pigment of the carotenoid family, found in brown seaweeds and in the microscopic algae called diatoms. In these organisms it is a light-harvesting pigment, capturing light energy for photosynthesis and giving brown algae their characteristic colour. It has been studied for a variety of possible health effects, most notably antioxidant activity and a role in fat metabolism, and it is sold as a dietary supplement made from brown seaweed. Its usefulness in people is limited by its low absorption from the gut.

Irisin

Irisin is a hormone-like protein, or myokine, that is released from skeletal muscle during exercise. It is produced when physical activity prompts muscle cells to cleave a membrane protein called FNDC5, freeing irisin into the blood, where it is best known for encouraging white fat to take on the calorie-burning properties of brown fat. Discovered in 2012, irisin is an active area of metabolic research rather than a medicine, and both its measurement and its importance in humans have been subjects of scientific debate.

Adaptogen

Jiaogulan

Jiaogulan is a climbing vine in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, whose scientific name is Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Native to parts of South and East Asia, its leaves are brewed as a herbal tea and used in traditional Chinese and other folk medicine, where it has earned nicknames such as southern ginseng and five-leaf ginseng [1]. Its notable constituents are saponins called gypenosides, some of which are structurally close to the ginsenosides of true ginseng [1][2].

Lipase

Lipase is any of a broad class of enzymes that break down fats by splitting triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. In the human body, lipases produced mainly by the pancreas carry out much of the digestion of dietary fat, and the enzyme occurs throughout the living world in animals, plants, and microbes. Beyond digestion, blood lipase levels are used to diagnose pancreatitis, and lipase preparations are taken as digestive aids and used widely in industry.

Propionyl-L-Carnitine

Propionyl-L-carnitine is an acyl ester of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compound the body uses to move fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production. It has been studied mainly as a treatment for peripheral arterial disease and the exercise-induced leg pain known as intermittent claudication, where it is thought to correct a secondary carnitine deficiency in poorly perfused muscle. The compound is sold in parts of Europe as a prescription cardiovascular agent, though it has not been approved for use in the United States.

Pyruvic Acid

Pyruvic acid is the simplest alpha-keto acid, a small organic molecule whose conjugate base, pyruvate, sits at a central crossroads of cellular energy metabolism. It is the end product of glycolysis, the pathway that breaks down glucose, and from there it can feed the citric acid cycle for aerobic energy production, be converted back into glucose, or be turned into lactate when oxygen is scarce. Salts such as calcium pyruvate are also sold as dietary supplements marketed for weight loss and exercise performance, although controlled studies have generally not supported those claims.