Cholesterol: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Lipo-MIC + NAD+

Lipo-MIC + NAD+ is a lipotropic injectable that pairs the fat-metabolizing MIC nutrients (methionine, inositol, and choline) with NAD+, the coenzyme at the center of cellular energy production. The MIC compounds help the liver package and export fat rather than store it, while NAD+ fuels mitochondrial energy metabolism and activates sirtuins involved in fat handling. Combining lipid support with a foundational energy coenzyme, it is a modern take on the classic lipotropic injection for those pursuing fat loss and vitality.

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SERM

Y-134

Y-134 is a research-stage selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) engineered by fine-tuning the well-known drug raloxifene. Beyond the classic SERM profile of blocking estrogen in breast tissue while supporting bone, Y-134 carries a striking bonus: it switches on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and drives even hard-to-treat triple-negative breast cancer cells into programmed cell death, an effect its parent compound only hinted at. Elegant and highly selective, it is prized as a research tool, though it remains preclinical with no human data.

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AMPK

Berberine

Berberine is a bright-yellow isoquinoline alkaloid found in several plants, including barberry, goldenseal, and Chinese goldthread, and used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Modern research has focused on its ability to lower blood sugar and improve cholesterol and other lipids, effects that work largely by activating the cellular energy sensor AMPK. It is widely sold as a dietary supplement, though its absorption is poor and it is not an approved drug in Western countries.

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Supplement

Citrus Bergamot

Citrus bergamot refers to the bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia), a Mediterranean citrus fruit best known for flavoring Earl Grey tea and for the essential oil used in perfume. As a supplement it is standardized to the bergamot polyphenolic fraction, a mixture of flavonoids studied mainly for lowering cholesterol and improving cardiometabolic markers. The clinical evidence is encouraging but comes largely from small trials.

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Supplement

Garlic Extract

Garlic extract is a concentrated preparation made from garlic (Allium sativum), a pungent bulb of the onion family that has served as both food and folk remedy for thousands of years. Its characteristic chemistry comes from sulfur-containing compounds, most notably allicin, which forms when the bulb is crushed [2]. Sold in forms such as garlic powder, garlic oil, and aged garlic extract, it is marketed as a dietary supplement, with research focusing chiefly on modest effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, and immunity [1].

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Nootropic

Phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylcholine is a class of phospholipids that form a major part of the membranes surrounding living cells and are the principal component of lecithin. Each molecule is built from a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group linked to choline, and the compound is abundant in foods such as egg yolk and soybeans. Beyond its structural role, phosphatidylcholine is the body's main store of the essential nutrient choline and has been studied as a dietary supplement and in conditions ranging from liver disease to ulcerative colitis.

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Statin

Red Yeast Rice

Red yeast rice is a bright reddish-purple product made by fermenting rice with the mold Monascus purpureus. Long used in China as a food coloring and in traditional medicine, it contains monacolin K, a compound chemically identical to the cholesterol-lowering statin lovastatin. It is sold as a dietary supplement to lower cholesterol, though the strength and purity of products vary considerably.

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SERM

Toremifene

Toremifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene class, used to treat metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women whose tumors are estrogen receptor-positive [1][3]. A close chemical relative of tamoxifen, it blocks estrogen's effects in breast tissue while acting like estrogen in some other tissues [2]. Introduced in the United States in 1997, it is marketed under the brand name Fareston.

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Supplement

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Vitamin B3 is an essential water-soluble nutrient that exists in two main forms, nicotinic acid (niacin) and nicotinamide (niacinamide), both of which the body converts into the coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+ that drive hundreds of redox reactions in energy metabolism. A prolonged dietary lack causes pellagra, the deficiency disease classically remembered by the "three Ds" of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. In pharmacologic doses nicotinic acid favorably shifts blood lipids (raising HDL while lowering LDL, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a)) and produces the characteristic warm "niacin flush," whereas nicotinamide has neither the flush nor the lipid effects and is used mainly in dermatology. It is distinct from the dedicated NAD-boosting precursors nicotinamide riboside (NR) and NMN, which are covered in their own entries.

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Supplement

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is the collective name for a group of eight fat-soluble compounds, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, of which alpha-tocopherol is the form the body preferentially retains and the one with the greatest vitamin activity. Its principal role is as a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from damage by free radicals. Vitamin E is found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green vegetables, and dietary deficiency is rare, usually resulting from disorders of fat absorption rather than low intake.

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Blend

Aspirin + Atorvastatin

Aspirin + Atorvastatin is a fixed-dose combination medicine that pairs low-dose aspirin, an antiplatelet drug, with atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering statin. It is used mainly to prevent cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes in people who already have, or are at high risk of, cardiovascular disease. Combining the two drugs in a single pill is intended to simplify treatment and improve adherence, and such fixed-dose combinations underpin the wider polypill approach to cardiovascular prevention.

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Statin

Pitavastatin

Pitavastatin is a statin, a cholesterol-lowering drug that blocks HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme controlling an early step of cholesterol synthesis. Two features distinguish it within the class: it is barely metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme, so it has notably few drug interactions, and it is the most glucose-neutral of the statins, avoiding much of the small rise in diabetes risk seen with others. Used to lower LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk and given once daily as a calcium salt, it is marketed under names such as Livalo, Livazo, and Zypitamag, and was first approved in Japan in 2003.

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Statin

Rosuvastatin

Rosuvastatin is a statin, a cholesterol-lowering drug that blocks the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. It is the most potent and one of the most hydrophilic statins, prescribed to lower elevated cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular events. Its benefits appear to reach beyond cholesterol lowering: in the JUPITER trial it prevented arterial events in people with normal LDL but elevated C-reactive protein and also reduced venous thromboembolism, evidence of anti-inflammatory pleiotropy. Developed by AstraZeneca, it is sold as Crestor and as a generic.

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Cardiovascular

Ezetimibe

Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor used to lower blood cholesterol, most often alongside a statin. Sold under the brand name Zetia among others, it acts in the small intestine to block the transport protein that ferries dietary and biliary cholesterol into the body. It is taken as an oral tablet for high cholesterol and related lipid disorders.

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Cardiovascular

Acipimox

Acipimox is a synthetic derivative of nicotinic acid (niacin) used as a lipid-lowering medication. It is prescribed mainly to lower elevated triglycerides and, to a lesser degree, to raise HDL cholesterol in people with certain forms of hyperlipidemia. Marketed in parts of Europe under the trade name Olbetam, it is generally regarded as having a milder side-effect profile than niacin itself.

Cholesterol

Lipo-MIC + NAD+

Y-134

Berberine

Citrus Bergamot

Garlic Extract

Phosphatidylcholine

Red Yeast Rice

Toremifene

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Vitamin E

Aspirin + Atorvastatin

Pitavastatin

Rosuvastatin

Ezetimibe

Acipimox

ASC41

Beta-Glucans

Beta-Sitosterol

Chitosan

Chlorella

CinSulin

Hydroxytyrosol

Lunasin

Lycopene

Maitake

Oleic Acid

Pemafibrate

Rimonabant

Seladelpar

Shiitake

Spirulina

Tetrahydrocurcumin

Tocotrienols

Cholesterol

Lipo-MIC + NAD+

Y-134

Berberine

Citrus Bergamot

Garlic Extract

Phosphatidylcholine

Red Yeast Rice

Toremifene

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Vitamin E

Aspirin + Atorvastatin

Pitavastatin

Rosuvastatin

Ezetimibe

Acipimox

ASC41

Beta-Glucans

Beta-Sitosterol

Chitosan

Chlorella

CinSulin

Hydroxytyrosol

Lunasin

Lycopene

Maitake

Oleic Acid

Pemafibrate

Rimonabant

Seladelpar

Shiitake

Spirulina

Tetrahydrocurcumin

Tocotrienols