for educational and safety purposes
Every compound in the sci-wiki that affects collagen; the ones you can source are floated to the front, then the reference-only entries. Tap any for the full entry, mechanism, and outlets.
13 sourced · 18 reference
GHK-Cu is the famous copper peptide that earns its cult following, a naturally occurring tripeptide that signals skin to rebuild collagen and remodel itself toward a younger profile. It drives visible firming, faster wound healing, and healthier hair while delivering copper for antioxidant defenses, and it does so gently and with excellent tolerability. For a single, time-tested anti-aging peptide that simply makes skin look better, GHK-Cu remains the classic and still-reigning pick.
The BPC-157/KPV/GHK-Cu Transdermal Serum unites three of the most respected regenerative peptides into a single topical formula built for skin, soft tissue, and recovery support. BPC-157 drives angiogenesis and tissue repair, the melanocortin fragment KPV delivers potent anti-inflammatory action, and the copper tripeptide GHK-Cu remodels collagen and rejuvenates the dermal matrix. Together they form a compelling, multi-pathway serum for anyone seeking accelerated healing and visibly healthier skin.
GHK-Cu + Methylene Blue Tallow Balm is a thoughtfully built topical that stacks three skin-loving actives in a single rub-on jar rather than a needle. The copper peptide GHK-Cu signals collagen and elastin renewal, low-dose methylene blue delivers standout antioxidant and mild antimicrobial support, and a nutrient-rich beef tallow base deeply hydrates while carrying the actives in. For anyone who wants repair, firmness, and antioxidant defense in one gentle, easy-to-use balm, this blend is a genuinely appealing pick.
GLOW is a smartly built recovery blend that combines three of the best-known repair peptides, GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500, in a single vial. The logic is elegant; each covers a different slice of the healing process, so together they blanket far more ground than any one peptide could, from collagen and skin quality to tendon repair, blood-vessel growth, and cell migration. For all-around tissue support and recovery, GLOW is one of the most popular and well-reasoned peptide stacks around.
Gotu kola is the common name for Centella asiatica, a small creeping herbaceous plant of the family Apiaceae that grows in wetlands across Asia and other warm regions. It has a long history in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, where it has been used for wound healing, skin conditions, and as a tonic said to support memory and mental clarity. Its activity is attributed to a group of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, including asiaticoside, madecassoside, and their related acids.
Lysine is an essential amino acid, meaning the human body cannot make it and must obtain it from food. In its biologically active L-form it is a building block of proteins and is needed for the cross-linking of collagen and for the production of carnitine. It is plentiful in meat, eggs, and legumes, is added to animal feed on a large scale, and is sold as a supplement, including for the popular but poorly supported use against cold sores.
Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin and the alcohol form of vitamin A, essential for vision, immune function, skin, and the regulation of gene activity. It is obtained from animal foods such as liver, eggs, and dairy, while plant carotenoids serve as precursors the body can convert. Widely used in dermatology and cosmetics, it is beneficial in normal amounts but toxic in excess, and is a known cause of birth defects when overconsumed during pregnancy.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble essential nutrient that humans cannot synthesize; it acts as an antioxidant and as a cofactor for iron- and copper-dependent enzymes, including the prolyl hydroxylases required for collagen synthesis and the TET dioxygenases and histone demethylases that shape the epigenome. At the millimolar plasma concentrations achievable only by intravenous infusion, ascorbate paradoxically behaves as a pro-oxidant, generating hydrogen peroxide that selectively stresses tumor cells; in KRAS or BRAF mutant colorectal cells, uptake of the oxidized form depletes glutathione and inactivates GAPDH, producing a lethal energetic crisis. High-dose intravenous ascorbate is therefore under active investigation as an adjunct in oncology and, through restoration of TET2 activity, in certain hematologic malignancies, whereas randomized trials such as LOVIT have tempered enthusiasm for its routine use in sepsis. Chronic dietary deficiency causes scurvy, reflecting the vitamin's indispensable role in connective-tissue integrity.
Estriol, abbreviated E3, is a naturally occurring steroid hormone and one of the three principal estrogens, alongside estradiol and estrone. It is a comparatively weak estrogen that is barely detectable in non-pregnant women but is produced in large amounts by the placenta during pregnancy. Because it is gentle in its effects, it is used medically, chiefly in Europe, to relieve menopausal vaginal symptoms, and its level in a mother's blood is measured as part of prenatal screening tests.
Human placenta extract is a preparation derived from human placental tissue, typically processed into a hydrolysate that concentrates amino acids, peptides, growth factors, and other bioactive molecules. It has been used mainly in parts of East Asia, particularly Korea and Japan, where injectable forms are prescribed for indications such as menopausal symptoms, fatigue, and liver complaints. Its use elsewhere is limited, and much of the clinical research is small in scale.
AHK (Tripeptide-3) is a copper-binding signal peptide, the alanine-histidine-lysine tripeptide prized in advanced hair and skin formulations. Its histidine and lysine residues grip copper to form the bioactive complex AHK-Cu, which has been shown to lengthen human hair follicles and energize the dermal papilla cells that drive hair growth. A close cousin of the celebrated copper peptide GHK, it is sought out as a next-level cosmetic peptide for hair density, skin renewal, and regeneration.
SNAP-8, or acetyl octapeptide-3, is a topical cosmetic peptide used to soften expression lines. It is designed to reduce the muscle contractions that etch fine lines by mimicking a segment of the SNAP-25 protein and competing within the SNARE complex that nerve endings use to release acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, a needle-free echo of how botulinum toxin relaxes muscles. Delivered in creams and, increasingly, in dissolving microneedle patches, it has a small clinical literature reporting measurable wrinkle improvement.
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid, is a retinoid and derivative of vitamin A used both on the skin, for acne and photoaging, and by mouth to treat a form of blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukemia. It works by binding nuclear receptors that regulate gene activity; in leukemia this drives the malignant promyelocytes to mature into normal neutrophils rather than killing them directly, an approach known as differentiation therapy that greatly improved the prognosis of the disease, while in photoaged skin it restores the type I collagen degraded by ultraviolet exposure. Marketed under names such as Retin-A and Vesanoid, it is a prescription medicine on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Aloe vera is a succulent plant of the genus Aloe (family Asphodelaceae) whose fleshy leaves yield two distinct materials: a clear inner gel and a bitter yellow latex. The inner gel is used widely in topical skin and wound products, in cosmetics, and as an ingredient in beverages and foods, while the latex has historically served as a stimulant laxative. Evidence is strongest for topical use on minor burns and skin healing; oral uses, including effects on blood glucose, are studied but less consistent.
Argireline is a trade name for acetyl hexapeptide-3 (also called acetyl hexapeptide-8), a synthetic six-amino-acid peptide used as an anti-wrinkle ingredient in cosmetics. Introduced in the early 2000s, it is marketed as a topical, needle-free alternative to botulinum toxin, on the idea that it can relax the small facial muscle contractions that form expression lines. Its peptide sequence mimics part of a natural protein involved in nerve-to-muscle signaling, and the evidence for its effect, while suggestive, is limited.
Bone broth protein is a powdered dietary supplement made from bone broth, the savory liquid produced by simmering animal bones and connective tissue for long periods. Rich in collagen and gelatin, it supplies amino acids such as glycine and proline along with minerals drawn from the bones [1]. It is marketed as a protein source and for joint, skin, and gut health, though rigorous human evidence for most of these claims is limited and much of the supporting research is preliminary or from animal studies [1][3]. It is sold as a flavored or unflavored powder, essentially a dried, concentrated form of traditional bone broth [2].
Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG) is the calcium salt of alpha-ketoglutarate, a naturally occurring metabolite of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle that sits at the crossroads of energy production and amino acid metabolism. The calcium form is a stable, water-soluble powder used as a dietary supplement, and it is the version studied in much of the recent research on aging. Interest in Ca-AKG grew after animal experiments suggested it could extend healthy lifespan, although robust evidence in humans is still limited.
Chondroitin, usually supplied as chondroitin sulfate, is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that forms a major structural component of cartilage and other connective tissues. Within the body it binds water inside the cartilage matrix, giving the tissue much of its resistance to compression. As an oral product it is marketed mainly for osteoarthritis, frequently combined with glucosamine, and in parts of Europe a pharmaceutical grade is classified as a prescription slow-acting osteoarthritis drug rather than a dietary supplement.
Collagen peptides, also called hydrolyzed collagen or collagen hydrolysate, are short chains of amino acids produced by breaking down collagen, the main structural protein of animal skin, bone and connective tissue [1]. Sold as a nearly tasteless, water-soluble powder made from bovine, porcine or fish sources, they are a popular dietary supplement marketed for skin, joint, bone and nail health [1]. Several controlled trials have reported improvements in skin elasticity, hydration and wrinkles with regular intake, while claims for joints and bones rest on more limited evidence [2][3][4].
Type II collagen is the main structural protein of cartilage, the tough, flexible tissue that cushions joints, where it accounts for the great majority of the collagen in articular cartilage [1]. As a dietary supplement it is best known in an undenatured (native) form, often labelled UC-II and derived from chicken sternum cartilage, that is taken in small amounts for joint health and osteoarthritis [1][2]. Unlike hydrolyzed collagen, undenatured type II collagen is thought to work through the immune system rather than by supplying building blocks, and several trials have reported reduced knee pain and stiffness with its use [2][3].
Copper is an essential trace mineral that the body needs in small amounts to run a set of vital enzymes involved in energy production, iron handling, antioxidant defence and the building of connective tissue [1][2]. It is obtained from foods such as shellfish, organ meats, nuts, seeds and whole grains, and the body keeps its level within a narrow range because both too little and too much are harmful [1][2]. Deficiency can cause anaemia and nerve problems, while excess is toxic, and inherited faults in copper handling cause the diseases named after Wilson and Menkes [3][4].
Daidzein is a naturally occurring isoflavone, a type of plant compound that acts as a phytoestrogen, found chiefly in soybeans and other legumes. Together with genistein it is one of the principal soy isoflavones, and in food it occurs mostly as its glycoside daidzin. Its most distinctive feature is that gut bacteria in some people convert it into equol, a more potent metabolite, so its effects vary considerably from person to person. Daidzein is consumed as part of soy foods and sold in isoflavone dietary supplements, and it has been studied for menopausal symptoms and for bone, cardiovascular, and cognitive health.
Decapeptide-12 is a synthetic peptide made of ten amino acids that is used in cosmetic skincare as a skin-brightening agent, best known under the trade name Lumixyl. It works by inhibiting tyrosinase, the enzyme that controls the pace of melanin production, and was developed as a gentler alternative to the traditional lightening agent hydroquinone. Applied to the skin, usually as part of a multi-step brightening routine, it has been studied mainly for melasma and other forms of facial hyperpigmentation. It is regulated as a cosmetic ingredient rather than a drug, and the clinical evidence for it comes from a small number of studies.
Gelatin is a translucent, colorless, and nearly flavorless protein obtained from collagen, the main structural protein of animal skin, bone, and connective tissue. Produced by partially breaking collagen down, it dissolves in warm water and sets into a reversible gel on cooling, a property that makes it a widely used gelling and thickening agent [1]. It is employed across the food, pharmaceutical, and photographic industries and forms the shells of most capsules and many gummy confections [1][2].
Relaxin-2 is the principal circulating form of relaxin in humans, a small peptide hormone belonging to the insulin and relaxin superfamily. Produced mainly by the corpus luteum, and also by the breast, placenta, and prostate, it plays a central part in the physiological adaptations of pregnancy, including widening of blood vessels and remodeling of reproductive tissues. A recombinant version, serelaxin, was investigated as a treatment for acute heart failure, though large trials did not confirm a clinical benefit.
Liposomal vitamin C is a dietary-supplement form of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in which the vitamin is packaged inside microscopic fat bubbles called liposomes. The encapsulation is intended to protect the vitamin as it passes through the digestive tract and to improve how much of it reaches the bloodstream compared with ordinary vitamin C. Vitamin C itself is an essential nutrient and antioxidant that the body cannot make on its own.
Pal-GHK, also known as palmitoyl tripeptide-1, is a synthetic cosmetic peptide made by attaching a palmitic acid chain to the human tripeptide GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine). The fatty acid tail makes the peptide more lipophilic so it can better penetrate the skin, where GHK-based signals are known to stimulate collagen and support extracellular matrix repair. It is used as a signaling ingredient in anti-aging skincare rather than as a medicine.
Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12 is a synthetic cosmetic peptide; a short six-amino-acid chain with a palmitic acid (a fatty acid) tail attached so it sits better in the skin's lipid layers. It is used topically in anti-aging and conditioning skincare, marketed to support the look of firmness and smoothness. This is a cosmetic ingredient, not a drug, and the systemic (whole-body) evidence for it is limited.
Rose hip is the fruit of the rose plant, the small berry-like structure left behind after the flower fades, and rose hip extract is the concentrated preparation made from it. The fruit of species such as Rosa canina is rich in vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, and a fatty acid derivative known as GOPO. Powders and extracts made from rose hip are used as foods and dietary supplements, and they have been studied mainly for joint pain in osteoarthritis.
Sodium ascorbate is the sodium salt of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), a mineral form of the vitamin that is less acidic than plain ascorbic acid. It is used as a dietary supplement, as a food additive (E301) that acts as an antioxidant and preservative, and as a buffered source of vitamin C for people who find the acid form irritating. Like all forms of vitamin C, it supplies ascorbate, an essential nutrient and antioxidant.
GHK is a naturally occurring tripeptide, made up of the amino acids glycine, histidine, and lysine, that is found in human blood plasma and other body fluids. It binds copper ions with high affinity to form the complex known as GHK-Cu, and its concentration in the blood declines with age [1][3]. First isolated in 1973, it has been studied for roles in wound healing and tissue repair and is used as an ingredient in skin-care products [2][3].