HPG axis: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Clomifene Citrate

Clomifene citrate is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator marketed since the late 1960s under names such as Clomid and Serophene, and it remains a widely used oral agent for inducing ovulation in anovulatory women, including many with polycystic ovary syndrome. It acts principally at the hypothalamus, where blocking estrogen negative feedback increases pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone and pituitary output of LH and FSH, thereby stimulating follicular development. The marketed drug is a mixture of two isomers with opposing properties; the estrogenic zuclomiphene clears slowly and can accumulate across cycles, whereas the antiestrogenic enclomiphene drives most of the ovulation-inducing effect. In the head-to-head PPCOS II trial the aromatase inhibitor letrozole produced higher live-birth rates than clomifene in PCOS, refining its place in fertility therapy. It is also used off-label in men to raise endogenous testosterone and during recovery after anabolic steroid use, and it appears on the World Health Organization list of essential medicines.

2 outlets

Blend

Cyproterone Acetate + Ethinylestradiol

Cyproterone acetate / ethinylestradiol is a combination medication that pairs cyproterone acetate, a progestin with strong antiandrogen activity, with ethinylestradiol, a synthetic estrogen. Sold under brand names such as Diane-35 and Dianette, it is used mainly to treat androgen-related skin conditions in women, including moderate to severe acne, seborrhea, and excess hair growth (hirsutism), while also acting as a hormonal contraceptive. Because it carries a higher risk of blood clots than some other combined pills, its use is generally reserved for these specific indications rather than contraception alone.

1 outlet

Hormone

Elagolix

Elagolix is an orally active, non-peptide antagonist of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. By suppressing the ovaries' production of estrogen and progesterone, it is used to manage moderate to severe pain from endometriosis and, in combination with hormonal add-back therapy, to control heavy menstrual bleeding caused by uterine fibroids. It is taken as a tablet and is marketed under brand names including Orilissa.

1 outlet

Hormone

Follitropin Alfa

Follitropin alfa is a manufactured version of human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the hormone that drives the growth of egg-containing follicles in the ovaries. It is made using recombinant DNA technology, in which cells engineered to carry the human FSH gene produce the hormone, and it is given by injection. Best known under the brand name Gonal-f, it is used mainly in fertility treatment to stimulate the ovaries for procedures such as in vitro fertilisation, and it can also treat some forms of infertility in men. Studies find it works about as well as older FSH products purified from urine.

1 outlet

Hormone

Progesterone

Progesterone (P4; pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) is an endogenous pregnane steroid hormone best known for its reproductive roles and is the prototypical neuroactive precursor within the neurosteroid system. Although the parent hormone signals principally through classical nuclear progesterone receptors and through membrane-associated receptors such as PGRMC1 and the mPR/PAQR family, most of its rapid effects on neuronal excitability arise only after sequential metabolism to 5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone and then to allopregnanolone, one of the most potent endogenous positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-A receptor (the brain's principal inhibitory chloride channel). Progesterone and its metabolites are synthesized within the nervous system itself, where they regulate myelination, neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, and inhibitory tone. It has been studied extensively as a neuroprotective agent, with strong preclinical support but negative large-scale human trials in acute traumatic brain injury.

2 outlets