for educational and safety purposes
Every compound in the sci-wiki that affects thyroid; the ones you can source are floated to the front, then the reference-only entries. Tap any for the full entry, mechanism, and outlets.
4 sourced · 2 reference
Sea moss is a red seaweed (Chondrus crispus, the true Irish moss, plus Gracilaria species often sold under the same name) that people soak into a jelly-like "gel" and stir into smoothies, or take as capsules and in blends with bladderwrack and burdock root. It is a genuine whole-food source of iodine and trace minerals, and it sets into that pudding texture thanks to a gel-forming seaweed fiber; in true Irish moss (Chondrus crispus) that fiber is carrageenan, while in the golden Gracilaria type most commonly sold today it is agar (a different gelling polysaccharide from the same red-algae family). Social media sells it hard for thyroid, immunity, gut, and skin, usually with a "92 minerals" hook; the honest read is that it is a decent mineral-and-iodine food with real but modest support, and most of the specific disease claims are traditional or anecdotal rather than proven. Its iodine is the double-edged part; helpful if you are low, but a problem in excess.
Selenium is an essential trace element required in small amounts for human health, where it is built into a family of proteins called selenoproteins. These selenoproteins, which include the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and the deiodinases that regulate thyroid hormone, give selenium roles in antioxidant defense, immune function, and thyroid metabolism. Its relationship with health follows a U-shaped curve, since both deficiency and excess are harmful.
T3, sold generically as liothyronine, is a synthetic form of triiodothyronine, the most metabolically active thyroid hormone. It is prescribed for hypothyroidism and the severe state known as myxedema coma, to prepare thyroid-cancer patients for radioiodine treatment, and at times as an add-on to antidepressant therapy. Relative to the storage hormone thyroxine, it acts faster and more powerfully but for a shorter time.
T4, known generically as levothyroxine, is a synthetic version of thyroxine, the main hormone made by the thyroid gland. Chemically identical to the natural hormone, it is one of the most widely prescribed medicines in the world and is used to replace thyroid hormone in people whose glands are underactive. It works as a prohormone, serving as a steady reservoir that the body converts into the more active hormone triiodothyronine.
Iodine is a chemical element and an essential trace mineral that the body needs to make thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and brain development. Because the human body cannot produce it, iodine must be obtained from the diet, chiefly from seafood, dairy, and iodized salt. A shortage of dietary iodine is the world's leading preventable cause of intellectual disability, which is why many countries add iodine to table salt.
Selenomethionine is the organic, amino acid form of selenium, in which a selenium atom replaces the sulfur of the amino acid methionine. It is the principal form of selenium found in plant foods such as cereal grains, Brazil nuts, and legumes, and it is the selenium compound most commonly used in dietary supplements. Because the body cannot fully distinguish it from methionine, it is readily absorbed and can be incorporated directly into proteins, giving it high bioavailability.