Glucocorticoid receptors: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Betamethasone

Betamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, a potent corticosteroid drug used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It is prescribed for a broad range of conditions, including inflammatory and allergic skin disorders, autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, and, when given to expectant mothers before an anticipated premature birth, to speed maturation of the baby's lungs [1]. Structurally it is a stereoisomer of dexamethasone and is available as tablets, injections, and topical creams and ointments. It appears on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines and is widely available as a generic.

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Corticosteroid

Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is a synthetic fluorinated glucocorticoid, a class of corticosteroid hormone valued for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. First introduced in the late 1950s, it is a long-acting relative of cortisol that is many times more potent than the body's natural glucocorticoids while causing little salt and water retention. It is prescribed for a broad range of conditions, including allergic and autoimmune disorders, swelling of the brain, croup, certain cancers, and, since 2020, severe COVID-19. Dexamethasone is a widely available generic medicine and appears on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines.

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Corticosteroid

Hydrocortisone Acetate

Hydrocortisone acetate is the acetate ester of hydrocortisone (cortisol), a glucocorticoid corticosteroid used mainly as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent. It is applied to the skin for irritation, itching and eczema, given rectally for hemorrhoid symptoms, and injected into joints or soft tissue to calm inflammation. Adding an acetate group at the steroid's 21-position slows its breakdown and changes how readily it is absorbed.

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Corticosteroid

Methylprednisolone

Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, a corticosteroid drug used to suppress inflammation and calm an overactive immune system. Sold under brand names such as Medrol, Solu-Medrol, and Depo-Medrol, it is prescribed for a wide range of conditions including severe allergic reactions, asthma flares, autoimmune diseases, and relapses of multiple sclerosis, as well as to prevent transplant rejection. It acts on the glucocorticoid receptor to alter the activity of many genes involved in the immune and inflammatory response, and it appears on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines.

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Corticosteroid

Mometasone Furoate

Mometasone furoate is a synthetic corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) with strong anti-inflammatory activity, used for a range of allergic and inflammatory conditions. It is applied to the skin for inflammatory rashes, sprayed into the nose for hay fever and nasal polyps, and inhaled to help control asthma. Patented in 1981 and introduced in the late 1980s, it appears on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines and is available generically.

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Corticosteroid

Triamcinolone

Triamcinolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid, a class of corticosteroid hormone used to lower inflammation and dampen overactive immune responses. Patented in 1956 and introduced for medical use in 1958, it is roughly five times as potent as cortisol while producing little salt-retaining mineralocorticoid activity. It is prescribed across dermatology, rheumatology, allergy and respiratory medicine, most often in the form of its longer-acting ester, triamcinolone acetonide.

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Corticosteroid

Triamcinolone Acetonide

Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid, the acetonide ester of triamcinolone, valued for strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action. Forming a cyclic ketal across the 16- and 17-positions makes it markedly more potent and longer-lasting than the parent compound, on the order of eight times as strong as prednisone. It is one of the most widely used steroids in dermatology and is also injected into joints, skin lesions and the eye, and delivered as a nasal spray for allergies.

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