Tulrampator

Robust preclinical support from multiple independent labs, but negative human Phase 2 data. The Alzheimer's Phase 2 (NCT02626572, ~520 patients, 24 weeks, 5/15/50 mg) showed no significant ADAS-Cog benefit versus placebo (largest difference -0.90, p=0.29; Bernard et al. 2019). An adjunctive major-depression Phase 2 (NCT02805439, ~400 patients) completed without demonstrating superiority to placebo. Preclinically it rescues age-impaired CA3-CA1 LTP, restores VGlut1+ boutons and dendritic spines, corrects age-related BDNF/NT-3/NGF deficits, shows synergy with donepezil, and produces antidepressant/anxiolytic-like effects via neurogenesis-dependent and -independent routes.

In rodents, no convulsions or tremor up to 1000 mg/kg acute. In human Phase 2 trials the reported adverse events were nausea, dizziness, and headache. Human safety was characterized only over the trial durations; long-term and consumer safety are unknown, and it is not available as a supplement.

Developed by Servier as S-47445 (also designated CX-1632). It advanced to two large Phase 2 programs: an Alzheimer's disease trial (NCT02626572) and an adjunctive major-depressive-disorder trial (NCT02805439). Both failed to demonstrate superiority to placebo (Bernard et al. 2019 reported the negative Alzheimer's primary endpoint), and development did not advance further.

Within nootropic and neuroscience circles it is regarded as the most modern, best-characterized AMPA-PAM with an explicit BDNF/CREB/mTOR story, often cited as the cleanest small-molecule bridge from AMPA potentiation to the neurotrophic cascade. Informed commentators emphasize that despite this, its human Phase 2 results were negative and it is not obtainable as a product.