Neuroplasticity: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Eutropoflavin

Eutropoflavin is a synthetic flavonoid studied as a selective agonist of TrkB, the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Chemically known as 4'-dimethylamino-7,8-dihydroxyflavone, it is a modified and more potent derivative of tropoflavin (7,8-dihydroxyflavone). In animal experiments it activates TrkB more strongly and for longer than its parent compound and shows neuroprotective, neurogenic, and antidepressant-like effects. It is not an approved medicine, although it has been sold online as a nootropic.

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Neuroprotection

BAY 60-7550

BAY 60-7550 is a potent, selective phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) inhibitor. By blocking PDE2 it raises both neuronal cAMP and cGMP, driving CREB phosphorylation and BDNF expression while enhancing hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory consolidation. It sits squarely in the cAMP→CREB→BDNF neighborhood but, importantly, acts on PDE2 rather than PDE4, giving it a dual second-messenger action distinct from the more familiar PDE inhibitors.

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BDNF

LM22A-4

LM22A-4 is a rationally designed small-molecule mimetic of the loop-II domain of BDNF that activates the TrkB neurotrophin receptor, discovered by in-silico screening in the Longo and Massa labs. It is a foundational research tool for the BDNF/TrkB arm of the neuroplasticity pathway, with broad neuroprotective, remyelinating, and cognition-rescuing activity across rodent models; offering a drug-like way to probe signaling normally driven by a large neurotrophin.

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Nootropic

Tabernanthalog

Tabernanthalog (TBG) is a synthetic analogue of the plant alkaloid ibogaine, engineered to be water-soluble and, according to its developers, non-hallucinogenic and less toxic than the parent compound. It was created in the laboratory of David Olson at the University of California, Davis, as an example of a psychoplastogen, a molecule meant to promote the rewiring of brain circuits. In rodent studies it has shown antidepressant-like effects and has reduced alcohol- and drug-seeking behavior without triggering the responses that signal a psychedelic experience.

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Nootropic

Tulrampator

Tulrampator (S-47445) is a selective positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors developed by Servier. Beyond acutely potentiating glutamatergic transmission, it upregulates BDNF and NT-3, activates the mTOR/CREB plasticity pathway, and rescues age-related deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation and synaptic architecture in animals. It is the best-characterized modern AMPA-PAM and the only ampakine of its cohort to reach large Phase 2 human trials.

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Nootropic

Fingolimod

Fingolimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Approved in 2010 and sold as Gilenya, it was the first oral disease-modifying therapy for the condition, offering an alternative to injections for many patients. It works by trapping immune cells in the lymph nodes so that fewer of them can reach and attack the brain and spinal cord.

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