joints: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Celecoxib

Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that selectively targets the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, used mainly to relieve pain and inflammation in arthritis and related conditions [1][2]. By focusing on COX-2 while largely sparing COX-1, it aims to ease inflammation with a lower risk of stomach ulcers than older, nonselective NSAIDs [2]. Discovered at Searle and approved in the United States in 1998, it is sold under the brand name Celebrex and is now widely available as a generic [1]. Like other NSAIDs it carries cardiovascular and other risks that shape how it is prescribed [1][3].

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Antiparasitic

Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is an aminoquinoline drug, the sulfate salt of hydroxychloroquine, used both as an antimalarial and as a long-acting immunomodulator. Developed as a less toxic relative of chloroquine, it is a mainstay treatment for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and it is also used to prevent and treat malaria caused by susceptible parasites. It is taken by mouth and is best known under the brand name Plaquenil.

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NSAID

Indomethacin

Indomethacin, also spelled indometacin, is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the indole acetic acid class, used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation. It is a mainstay for acute gout, ankylosing spondylitis, and other inflammatory arthritis, and it also has specialized roles in closing a patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants and in a distinctive group of indomethacin-responsive headaches. First introduced in the 1960s, it is considered one of the stronger NSAIDs and appears on the World Health Organization list of essential medicines.

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Supplement

Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium

Pentosan polysulfate sodium is a semisynthetic, sulfated polysaccharide with heparin-like properties, used mainly as an oral medicine for interstitial cystitis, a chronic bladder pain condition. Manufactured from beechwood xylan and sold under the brand name Elmiron, it is the only oral drug approved in the United States for that indication. In recent years it has drawn attention because prolonged use has been linked to a distinctive form of retinal damage.

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Corticosteroid

Triamcinolone Acetonide

Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid, the acetonide ester of triamcinolone, valued for strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action. Forming a cyclic ketal across the 16- and 17-positions makes it markedly more potent and longer-lasting than the parent compound, on the order of eight times as strong as prednisone. It is one of the most widely used steroids in dermatology and is also injected into joints, skin lesions and the eye, and delivered as a nasal spray for allergies.

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