Gastric acid secretion: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Omeprazole

Omeprazole, introduced in the late 1980s as the first proton pump inhibitor, suppresses gastric acid by irreversibly binding the H+/K+-ATPase (the proton pump) on parietal cells, an elegant covalent mechanism that made it a foundation therapy for reflux, peptic ulcer, and Helicobacter pylori eradication. Research has since uncovered striking off-target biology: omeprazole is a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a property implicated both in protection against hyperoxic lung injury and in unwanted renal effects. By neutralizing the acidic tumor microenvironment and impairing lysosomal function, it and related proton pump inhibitors can chemosensitize resistant cancers, while the drug class also interferes with mycobacterial drug efflux, hinting at antitubercular potential. It appears on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines; long-term use warrants attention to nutrient absorption, the gut microbiome, and CYP2C19-mediated drug interactions.

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Blend

Rabeprazole + Domperidone

Rabeprazole plus domperidone is a fixed-dose combination medicine that pairs two drugs acting on the upper digestive tract: rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses stomach acid, and domperidone, a prokinetic and antiemetic that speeds the movement of food out of the stomach. The combination is used mainly for acid reflux and related conditions accompanied by nausea, bloating, or slow gastric emptying. It is marketed in India and various other countries, often as a single capsule, but it is not approved in the United States, where domperidone itself is unlicensed.

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Gastrointestinal

Ranitidine

Ranitidine is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that reduces stomach acid production and was long sold under the brand name Zantac. Introduced in the early 1980s, it became one of the world's best-selling medicines for heartburn, ulcers, and reflux. Most products were withdrawn from markets around 2020 after the discovery of the probable carcinogen NDMA as a contaminant.

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Antimuscarinic

Pirenzepine

Pirenzepine is a muscarinic antagonist with a strong preference for the M1 receptor, sold since the late 1970s as an antiulcer drug; that preference is what first proved muscarinic receptors come in more than one kind.

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Antimuscarinic

Telenzepine

Telenzepine is a thienobenzodiazepine analogue of pirenzepine with the same M1 preference and far more potency; it reached late stage development as an antiulcer drug in Germany and was overtaken by proton pump inhibitors before launch.

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