endometrium: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Conjugated Estrogens

Conjugated estrogens, best known by the brand name Premarin, are a medication made from a mixture of estrogen hormones extracted from the urine of pregnant mares [1][2]. They are used mainly as menopausal hormone therapy, to relieve hot flashes and vaginal dryness and to help prevent osteoporosis, and also to treat other conditions of low estrogen [1][2]. Introduced in the 1940s, they act on estrogen receptors throughout the body; landmark trials later clarified that, like other hormone therapies, they carry risks including blood clots, stroke and, in combination with a progestogen, breast cancer [1][3].

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Hormone

Danazol

Danazol is a synthetic steroid, chemically derived from ethisterone, that behaves as a weak androgen and suppresses the body's reproductive hormone signaling. Introduced in the 1970s under brand names such as Danocrine, it was the first drug approved in the United States specifically for endometriosis and has also been used for fibrocystic breast disease and, notably, for the long-term prevention of attacks in hereditary angioedema. It is a prescription medicine taken by mouth, and although effective, its androgenic side effects have led newer therapies to replace it as a first choice for several of its uses.

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Hormone

Progesterone

Progesterone (P4; pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) is an endogenous pregnane steroid hormone best known for its reproductive roles and is the prototypical neuroactive precursor within the neurosteroid system. Although the parent hormone signals principally through classical nuclear progesterone receptors and through membrane-associated receptors such as PGRMC1 and the mPR/PAQR family, most of its rapid effects on neuronal excitability arise only after sequential metabolism to 5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone and then to allopregnanolone, one of the most potent endogenous positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-A receptor (the brain's principal inhibitory chloride channel). Progesterone and its metabolites are synthesized within the nervous system itself, where they regulate myelination, neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, and inhibitory tone. It has been studied extensively as a neuroprotective agent, with strong preclinical support but negative large-scale human trials in acute traumatic brain injury.

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