calcium channels: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Nimodipine

Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker developed mainly to act on the blood vessels of the brain rather than as a general antihypertensive. Its principal approved role is preventing the delayed cerebral ischemia that can follow aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, a form of bleeding around the brain. It was patented in 1971 and reached clinical use in the 1980s, gaining United States approval in 1988. Because it relaxes cerebral arteries and shows relative selectivity for that circulation, it remains the only medication specifically approved to improve neurological outcomes after this type of stroke.

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Cardiovascular

Benidipine

Benidipine is a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and angina, marketed chiefly in Japan under the brand name Coniel. It is unusual in blocking three types of calcium channel, the L-, N-, and T-types, rather than the L-type alone, and it also acts on the mineralocorticoid receptor. These properties are linked to protective effects on the kidneys and heart beyond simple blood-pressure lowering.

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Blend

Olmesartan + Amlodipine + Hydrochlorothiazide

Olmesartan plus amlodipine plus hydrochlorothiazide is a fixed-dose antihypertensive tablet that combines three blood-pressure medicines with complementary actions: the angiotensin II receptor blocker olmesartan medoxomil, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker amlodipine, and the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide. The single-pill regimen is intended for adults whose high blood pressure is not adequately controlled on a two-drug combination, and in the United States it is marketed under the brand name Tribenzor. By pairing agents that act on different parts of the cardiovascular system, the tablet is designed to lower blood pressure more fully while reducing the number of pills a person must take.

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Blend

Telmisartan + Cilnidipine + Chlorthalidone

Telmisartan with cilnidipine and chlorthalidone is a fixed-dose combination medicine that unites three blood-pressure-lowering drugs with complementary actions in a single tablet. It pairs an angiotensin II receptor blocker (telmisartan), a dual L-type and N-type calcium channel blocker (cilnidipine), and a thiazide-like diuretic (chlorthalidone). Single-pill combinations of this kind are used when hypertension is not adequately controlled by one or two agents, and they aim to simplify treatment and improve adherence.

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Gabapentinoid

Atagabalin

Atagabalin (developmental code PD-0200390) is an investigational gabapentinoid, a conformationally constrained cyclopentane analogue of gabapentin that acts as a ligand at the alpha-2-delta (a2d) auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. It was developed by Pfizer primarily as a candidate hypnotic for insomnia, and was also examined for anxiety and neuropathic pain in the same mechanistic class as pregabalin and gabapentin. Like other a2d ligands it reduces the depolarization-evoked release of excitatory neurotransmitters rather than acting directly on GABA receptors, and in early trials it increased slow-wave sleep. Clinical development was ultimately discontinued after Phase II, and atagabalin has never been approved or marketed.

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