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Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid found in nightshade plants such as Datura and belladonna and is the prototypical deliriant; it is a potent, brain-penetrant antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. At low doses it is used clinically, most familiarly as a transdermal patch for motion sickness and nausea, and it has attracted research interest as a rapid-acting antidepressant, with placebo-controlled trials showing benefit and preclinical work tracing the effect to blockade of M1 receptors on cortical somatostatin interneurons that in turn drives glutamatergic and GABAergic plasticity and BDNF-TrkB signaling. At higher doses scopolamine produces a compliant, amnesic, and confused anticholinergic state, the basis of its notoriety under the street name Devil's Breath and of the severe anticholinergic toxidrome seen in Datura poisoning.
- Prevention of motion sickness (transdermal patch)
- Postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis
- Reduction of excessive saliva and airway secretions
- Antispasmodic and end-of-life secretion control
- Rapid antidepressant via M1 muscarinic blockade
- Dry mouth and blurred vision
- Drowsiness and dizziness
- Confusion, hallucinations, and amnesia at higher doses
- Rapid heartbeat, urinary retention, and dangerous overheating in overdose
Mechanism
Scopolamine is a competitive at receptors across the M1-M5 subtypes. Because its tropane structure crosses the readily, it blocks central muscarinic signaling strongly, which is why it is such a powerful deliriant and amnestic; the cholinergic circuits the brain uses to form new memories and hold a coherent picture of reality are suppressed. Peripherally, blocking muscarinic receptors reduces the vestibular and gut signaling behind motion sickness and nausea, and dries secretions.
receptor fingerprint
M1 receptor ()Antagonist
receptors (M1-M5)Antagonist
Safetyrisks and cautions, not medical advice
At low medical doses scopolamine mainly causes dry mouth, blurred vision, and drowsiness. At the higher doses used recreationally or criminally it produces a full anticholinergic delirium; realistic hallucinations mistaken for reality, profound confusion and memory loss, and the classic toxidrome (blurred vision, flushing, dangerous overheating, dry mouth), plus racing heart, urinary retention, seizures, and death. It leaves people suggestible and amnesic, which is exactly why it is dangerous in the wrong hands. Never stack it with other anticholinergics or antihistamines, and elderly people are especially vulnerable. Not medical advice.
Interactionsdocumented pairs only, not exhaustive
Scopolamine is a muscarinic antagonist that crosses into the brain freely, so its dominant interaction is additive anticholinergic burden. Alongside tricyclics, first-generation antihistamines, low-potency antipsychotics, antiparkinson agents or bladder antimuscarinics it produces confusion, disorientation, frank delirium, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention and impaired heat dissipation. Older patients reach that threshold on far less, and the combination is a recognized cause of hospital delirium.
Alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids and other CNS depressants add to its sedation and to the amnestic effect it produces at higher exposure.
Pharmacologically it opposes cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine and pyridostigmine, and it antagonizes prokinetics such as metoclopramide.
By slowing gastric emptying and gut transit, scopolamine can delay or blunt absorption of oral drugs taken with it, which is easy to overlook because the effect is silent.
Checking a whole stack? Run it through interactions + stacks.
Subjective profileweighing the evidence above
As a low-dose motion sickness patch it is reliable and worth using. Anything above that dose is the prototype deliriant: hallucinations mistaken for reality, profound amnesia, dangerous overheating, seizures, and a suggestible state that has been exploited criminally. There is no recreational version of this worth trying.
Resources
This entry is here for reference.
Research
- 2006first citedAntidepressant efficacy of the antimuscarinic drug scopolamine: a randomized, placebo-controlle…
- 2026most recentExploring the Evolving Role of Scopolamine in Pharmacotherapy: From Cognitive Impairment to Neu…
- 1.Exploring the Evolving Role of Scopolamine in Pharmacotherapy: From Cognitive Impairment to Neuroplasticity?-A Narrative Review
- 2.Rapid determination of scopolamine in evidence of recreational and predatory use
- 3.Antidepressant efficacy of the antimuscarinic drug scopolamine: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
- 4.M1 acetylcholine receptors in somatostatin interneurons contribute to GABAergic and glutamatergic plasticity in the mPFC and antidepressant-like responses.
- 5.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulation in response to oxidative stress and corticosterone: role of scopolamine and mirtazapine.
- 6.Current Evidence for the Role of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants in Bipolar Depression: A Perspective and Plan for Action.
- 7.Acute poisoning due to ingestion of Datura stramonium - a case report.
7 listed here; entry last updated August 2026
Reviews
My notesprivate to this device
FAQ
Is the motion-sickness patch dangerous?
At its low labeled dose the patch is a widely used and generally accepted treatment, with dry mouth and blurred vision as common nuisances. The danger is dose-dependent; the deliriant and amnesic effects appear at doses far above the patch.
What is 'Devil's Breath'?
It is a street name for scopolamine, notorious in reports of drug-facilitated crime because it can leave a victim confused, compliant, and unable to form memories of what happened.
Why is scopolamine called the prototypical deliriant?
Because it is a clean, potent, brain-penetrant muscarinic antagonist. It produces the full anticholinergic delirium, and the nightshade plants people abuse as deliriants largely owe their effects to scopolamine and its relatives.
Adverse effects
- Dry mouth and blurred vision
- Drowsiness and dizziness
- Confusion, hallucinations, and amnesia at higher doses
- Rapid heartbeat, urinary retention, and dangerous overheating in overdose