Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Galantamine

Galantamine is a plant-derived alkaloid, isolated from snowdrops and related plants of the Amaryllidaceae family, used to treat the memory and thinking difficulties of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. It has an unusual dual action on the cholinergic system: it inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, and it separately acts as an allosteric potentiating ligand that binds a site distinct from the neurotransmitter's on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, making them respond more strongly to acetylcholine. Marketed under names such as Razadyne and Reminyl, it has also been studied as a nerve-agent countermeasure and, more curiously, as an aid to lucid dreaming.

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Nootropic

ABT-089

ABT-089, also known as pozanicline, is a synthetic small molecule that acts as a partial agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with selectivity for the α4β2 subtype. Developed by Abbott Laboratories, it was investigated as a cognitive enhancer and as a candidate treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other cognitive conditions.

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Tryptamine

Ibogaine

Ibogaine is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid derived from the root bark of the West African rainforest shrub Tabernanthe iboga, used traditionally in Bwiti spiritual ceremonies and studied since the 1960s for a striking property: a single large dose can interrupt opioid withdrawal and reduce drug craving for extended periods. It is a genuine polypharmacological agent, engaging NMDA glutamate receptors, kappa- and mu-opioid receptors, sigma-2 sites, the serotonin transporter, and alpha3beta4 nicotinic receptors simultaneously, and it is metabolized by CYP2D6 to the long-lived active metabolite noribogaine that is thought to mediate much of its anti-addictive action. A prominent hypothesis is that ibogaine and noribogaine upregulate glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the midbrain, resetting reward circuitry after chronic drug exposure. These effects are counterbalanced by a serious cardiac liability: ibogaine blocks the hERG potassium channel, prolongs the QT interval, and has been associated with fatal ventricular arrhythmias. It is not an approved medicine and remains investigational.

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Peptide

SYN-AKE

SYN-AKE is a synthetic cosmetic peptide (INCI: dipeptide diaminobutyroyl benzylamide diacetate) designed to mimic Waglerin-1, a component of temple viper venom that reversibly blocks the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. In topical skincare it is marketed as a "botox-like" ingredient meant to relax small facial muscle contractions and soften the look of expression lines. Its claims are cosmetic and surface-level, not a substitute for injectable treatments.

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Peptide

Vialox

Vialox is a synthetic cosmetic peptide (pentapeptide-3, also called pentapeptide-3V) marketed as a topical "botox-like" muscle-relaxing ingredient. It is described as antagonizing the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, so that fine facial muscles contract less and expression lines appear softened. Its claims are cosmetic and surface-level, not equivalent to injectable treatments.

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