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Every compound in the sci-wiki that affects muscle glycogen; the ones you can source are floated to the front, then the reference-only entries. Tap any for the full entry, mechanism, and outlets.
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Dextrose is the D-isomer of glucose, the simple sugar your body runs on directly. It is a monosaccharide (one sugar unit) that needs no digestion to be absorbed, so it raises blood glucose faster than almost anything else you can eat. In practice it is used three ways: as a fast fuel and glycogen-replenisher around hard training, as a rapid rescue for low blood sugar, and as a bulk sweetener/carrier in supplements and IV fluids.
Maltodextrin is a rapidly-digested glucose polymer made by partially hydrolyzing starch (usually corn, rice, or potato) into short chains of glucose units. Because it is broken down at the intestinal brush border into pure glucose and absorbed through SGLT1, it behaves like fast carbohydrate fuel with a very high glycemic index but lower osmolality than an equal weight of straight glucose. Athletes use it intra- and post-workout to keep blood glucose up, spare muscle glycogen, and refill glycogen stores after hard sessions.