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Every compound in the sci-wiki that affects exercise recovery; the ones you can source are floated to the front, then the reference-only entries. Tap any for the full entry, mechanism, and outlets.
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Dextrose is the D-isomer of glucose, the simple sugar your body runs on directly. It is a monosaccharide (one sugar unit) that needs no digestion to be absorbed, so it raises blood glucose faster than almost anything else you can eat. In practice it is used three ways: as a fast fuel and glycogen-replenisher around hard training, as a rapid rescue for low blood sugar, and as a bulk sweetener/carrier in supplements and IV fluids.
Tart cherry (Prunus cerasus, usually the Montmorency variety) extract is a whole-fruit polyphenol (a broad class of plant antioxidant compounds) supplement loaded with anthocyanins (the red-purple flavonoid pigments that give the fruit its color) plus a naturally small dose of melatonin (the hormone that signals darkness to your body clock). It reads as a gentle food-derived antioxidant and anti-inflammatory rather than a hard-hitting drug; that mild profile is exactly why people reach for it. The three areas with the most human data are sleep quality, recovery from hard exercise (less soreness, faster return of strength), and lowering uric acid to ease gout. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action is the common thread running under all three. It comes as concentrate (a thick juice syrup), powder, or capsules, and potency swings wildly between products; that variability is the single biggest thing to watch.