Energy expenditure: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Amlexanox

Amlexanox is a small-molecule anti-inflammatory long approved as a topical paste for aphthous ulcers, now repurposed in research as a selective inhibitor of the noncanonical inflammatory kinases IKKe and TBK1. By blocking these kinases it raises energy expenditure and has produced weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced fatty liver in obese mice, with a human trial showing improved glucose control in a responsive subgroup [1][2]. This dual identity, an established ulcer drug with an emerging metabolic mechanism, makes it one of the more intriguing drug-repurposing candidates in metabolic research.

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Beta-3 Agonist

CL-316243

CL-316243 is a highly selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist and one of the most widely used research tools for studying fat loss, thermogenesis, and the browning of white fat. In animal models it powerfully triggers lipolysis, boosts energy expenditure, and improves glucose control. For metabolic and adipose tissue research, CL-316243 is a gold-standard beta3 agonist.

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Peptide

Mazdutide

Mazdutide (IBI362, LY3305677) is an investigational once-weekly peptide that simultaneously activates the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors, a dual-agonist design intended to combine appetite suppression and improved glycemic control from the GLP-1 arm with increased energy expenditure and hepatic lipid handling from the glucagon arm. In Chinese phase 3 obesity trials it produced substantial, dose-dependent weight loss, with the GLORY-2 study reporting roughly 16 percent mean body-weight reduction at the 9 mg dose, alongside favorable changes in blood pressure and lipids. In type 2 diabetes it lowered glycated hemoglobin and body weight more than the GLP-1 monotherapy dulaglutide, and it improved fatty liver and cardiometabolic markers. Gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the most common adverse events, consistent with its incretin mechanism.

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Nootropic

MCT Oil

MCT oil is a fat made of medium-chain triglycerides, usually the C8 (caprylic) and C10 (capric) fatty acids fractionated out of coconut or palm kernel oil. Unlike normal dietary fat, these shorter chains skip the lymphatic route and travel straight to the liver via the portal vein, where they're burned fast and partly converted to ketone bodies. That gives a quick alternative fuel for muscle and brain, a small bump in energy expenditure, and a mild satiety effect.

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Mitochondrial

SLU-PP-915

SLU-PP-915 is an orally active, chemically distinct pan-agonist of the estrogen-related receptors (ERR-alpha, beta, and gamma) and the successor to SLU-PP-332, engineered as a next-generation exercise mimetic. Activating these master regulators of endurance metabolism, it raises aerobic capacity, mitochondrial gene expression, and fat oxidation in animal studies, and it synergizes with actual exercise training. Its key advance over the earlier compound is oral bioavailability, making it a far more practical tool for chronic study of pharmacological exercise.

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