Endurance: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Caffeine

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class and the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world. A purine alkaloid found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cacao, and other plants, it is used to restore alertness, reduce fatigue, and sharpen concentration. It is legal and largely unregulated in most countries, and it also has established medical uses, including the treatment of apnea in premature infants.

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Mitochondrial

GW-0742

GW-0742 is a potent PPAR-delta agonist and a close cousin of Cardarine, sitting right at the center of the "exercise in a bottle" conversation in metabolic research. By switching on the genes for fat burning and mitochondrial fuel use, it makes muscle lean on fat and spare glycogen, and in rodents the endurance and fat-loss numbers are genuinely eye-catching. As a proof of concept for activating the body's fat-burning machinery, GW-0742 is a fascinating and closely watched research compound.

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Mitochondrial

SLU-PP-915

SLU-PP-915 is an orally active, chemically distinct pan-agonist of the estrogen-related receptors (ERR-alpha, beta, and gamma) and the successor to SLU-PP-332, engineered as a next-generation exercise mimetic. Activating these master regulators of endurance metabolism, it raises aerobic capacity, mitochondrial gene expression, and fat oxidation in animal studies, and it synergizes with actual exercise training. Its key advance over the earlier compound is oral bioavailability, making it a far more practical tool for chronic study of pharmacological exercise.

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Nootropic

Ketone Ester

A ketone ester is an ingestible compound, most commonly (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate, that rapidly and transiently raises blood D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) without requiring fasting or a ketogenic diet [1][2]. By delivering ketone bodies directly, it induces 'acute nutritional ketosis' and provides an alternative oxidative fuel to glucose, with studied applications in endurance performance, metabolic health and cognition [1][3].

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Terpene

Nootkatone

Nootkatone is a sesquiterpene ketone that gives grapefruit much of its characteristic aroma and flavour. Beyond its use as a fragrance and flavouring, it is a naturally occurring activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), with preclinical evidence for enhanced energy expenditure and protection against diet-induced obesity, and it is also a recognised biopesticide and insect repellent registered with the US Environmental Protection Agency [1].

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