Antioxidant: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Pterostilbene

Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring stilbenoid closely related to resveratrol, from which it differs by carrying two methoxy groups in place of hydroxyl groups. It is found chiefly in blueberries, grapes, and the heartwood of certain trees, where it serves as a defensive phytoalexin. The methoxy substitution makes it substantially more lipophilic, metabolically stable, and blood-brain-barrier permeable than resveratrol; in Alzheimer's-model mice it improved cognition and reduced neuroinflammation at dietary doses that were ineffective for resveratrol, apparently acting through PPAR-alpha rather than the sirtuins. It has been studied in humans in combination with nicotinamide riboside to raise NAD+ levels, and is sold as a dietary supplement rather than an approved medicine.

2 outlets

Adaptogen

Milk Thistle

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, recognizable by its spiny leaves veined with white and its purple flower heads. Its seeds yield silymarin, a complex of flavonolignans that has been used in traditional medicine for liver complaints since antiquity. Today milk thistle is marketed chiefly as a herbal dietary supplement, and silymarin remains a focus of research into liver protection.

1 outlet

Terpene

Carvacrol

Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol best known as the compound that gives oregano its characteristic warm, pungent aroma. It occurs in the essential oils of oregano, thyme, savory, and related plants of the mint family, and is used as a food flavoring and fragrance ingredient. Carvacrol has been studied extensively for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, with its ability to disrupt bacterial cell membranes making it of particular interest as a natural preservative.

reference

Supplement

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is the green pigment that plants, algae, and cyanobacteria use to capture light for photosynthesis [1]. Chemically it is built around a magnesium-containing ring related to the one in the blood pigment heme, and it absorbs red and blue light while reflecting green, which gives foliage its color [1]. Beyond its central biological role, chlorophyll and its water-soluble semisynthetic derivative chlorophyllin are used as food colorings and dietary supplements, and chlorophyllin has been studied for antioxidant and cancer-preventive effects [1][2][4].

reference

Supplement

Cinnamon Extract

Cinnamon extract is a concentrated, standardized preparation made from the bark of Cinnamomum trees, intended to deliver the spice's active compounds in supplement form. It is used mainly for blood sugar and metabolic support, and depending on the extraction method it may concentrate the water-soluble polyphenols while reducing the fat-soluble compound coumarin. Clinical results for glucose control are modest and inconsistent.

reference

Adaptogen

Olive Leaf Extract

Olive leaf extract is a herbal preparation made from the leaves of the olive tree, Olea europaea, and sold as a dietary supplement. The leaves are rich in polyphenols, above all oleuropein and its relative hydroxytyrosol, which are considered the extract's main active constituents. Olive leaves have a long history in Mediterranean folk medicine, where they were brewed as a tea for fever and other complaints. Modern research, including several small clinical trials, has examined the extract mainly for effects on blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood sugar, though the overall evidence remains limited.

reference

Supplement

Silybin

Silybin, also called silibinin, is a flavonolignan that is the principal active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). It is used and studied mainly for liver protection, including as an intravenous antidote for poisoning by Amanita mushrooms and as an adjunct in chronic liver disease. Its clinical evidence is mixed, and poor water solubility limits the absorption of oral forms.

reference