sodium channels

Every compound in the sci-wiki that affects sodium channels; the ones you can source are floated to the front, then the reference-only entries. Tap any for the full entry, mechanism, and outlets.

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Anticonvulsant

Sodium Valproate

Sodium valproate is the sodium salt of valproic acid and one of the principal forms of the drug valproate, a widely used anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer. It is prescribed for several types of epilepsy, for the manic phase of bipolar disorder, and for the prevention of migraine. Valproate carries strong warnings because it can cause serious birth defects and developmental problems when taken during pregnancy.

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Blend

Sodium Valproate + Valproic Acid

Sodium valproate combined with valproic acid is the formulation known as valproate semisodium or divalproex sodium, sold chiefly under the brand name Depakote. It is a stable one-to-one complex of the two forms that dissociates in the gut to release the same active valproate ion. It is used as an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer, most notably for the manic episodes of bipolar disorder, and is often chosen for its gentler effect on the stomach.

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reference shelf; no outlet carries these yet

Deliriant

Grayanotoxin

Grayanotoxins are a family of diterpenoid toxins produced by plants of the Ericaceae family, notably certain Rhododendron species, and they are the active constituents of the "mad honey" made by bees foraging on those flowers. They bind voltage-gated sodium channels in the open state and prevent their inactivation, producing prolonged membrane depolarization and heightened vagal tone; at nerve terminals grayanotoxin III has been shown to increase calcium-dependent release of both GABA and glutamate. Clinically this manifests as dizziness, nausea, hypersalivation, and, in more serious cases, marked hypotension and bradyarrhythmias including atrioventricular block. The margin between a mild effect and dangerous cardiovascular toxicity is narrow; management is largely supportive with intravenous fluids and atropine, and outcomes are usually favorable with prompt recognition.

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