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Regular insulin, also called soluble or short-acting insulin, is human insulin with its natural, unmodified amino acid sequence, used to lower blood sugar in diabetes. Given by injection before meals or into a vein in the hospital, it begins working in about half an hour and lasts several hours, and it is a standard treatment for diabetic emergencies such as ketoacidosis and for dangerously high blood potassium. Modern regular insulin is produced by recombinant DNA technology, and it appears on the World Health Organization list of essential medicines.
Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog used at mealtimes to control blood sugar in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It was the first insulin analog to be developed, created by swapping the order of two amino acids, lysine and proline, near the end of the insulin B chain so that the hormone is absorbed and acts faster than regular human insulin. Introduced by Eli Lilly in 1996 under the brand name Humalog, it is listed by the World Health Organization as an essential medicine.