Cognition (preclinical)

Every compound in the sci-wiki that affects cognition (preclinical); the ones you can source are floated to the front, then the reference-only entries. Tap any for the full entry, mechanism, and outlets.

1 sourced · 2 reference

←cognition (preclinical)3/3

Muscle Relaxant

Drotaverine

Drotaverine (No-Spa) is a benzylisoquinoline antispasmodic, structurally related to papaverine, widely used outside the United States to relax smooth muscle in conditions such as renal and biliary colic, dysmenorrhea and gastrointestinal cramp. Its relaxant action combines PDE4 inhibition (raising cAMP) with L-type calcium-channel blockade. A single 2021 mouse study reported that it reversed streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer-type deficits, but there is no human cognition data.

1 outlet

reference shelf; no outlet carries these yet

Immunomodulator

Apremilast

Apremilast (Otezla) is an orally active PDE4 inhibitor and the first PDE4 drug ever FDA-approved for an immune-dermatologic indication (2014). By raising intracellular cAMP it recalibrates the immune system from the inside out, dialing down TNF-alpha, IL-23 and IL-17 while lifting anti-inflammatory IL-10. That single, elegant switch clears plaque psoriasis, calms psoriatic arthritis, and heals Behcet's oral ulcers, all from a convenient oral tablet that needs no lab monitoring.

reference

Respiratory

Cilomilast

Cilomilast (Ariflo) is a second-generation oral selective PDE4 inhibitor developed by GlaxoSmithKline for COPD and asthma. It reached FDA review but was rejected in 2003-2004 because the respiratory benefit was small and gastrointestinal side effects were dose-limiting. It is not approved anywhere. There is essentially no human cognition data; a single 2025 mouse study reported that cilomilast reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficits through the cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF pathway.

reference