Body weight: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Orforglipron

Orforglipron is a non-peptide, small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist taken as a once-daily pill. Eli Lilly is developing it (code LY3502970) for type 2 diabetes and obesity; it is not approved and remains in late-stage trials as of 2026. What makes it notable is the chemistry, not a new mechanism. Because it is a small molecule rather than a peptide, it is absorbed from the gut on its own, without an absorption enhancer and without the food and water restrictions that oral semaglutide requires. In phase 3 trials it lowered blood sugar and body weight meaningfully, though by less than the strongest injectables, with the gastrointestinal side effects typical of the class.

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Peptide

Mazdutide

Mazdutide (IBI362, LY3305677) is an investigational once-weekly peptide that simultaneously activates the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors, a dual-agonist design intended to combine appetite suppression and improved glycemic control from the GLP-1 arm with increased energy expenditure and hepatic lipid handling from the glucagon arm. In Chinese phase 3 obesity trials it produced substantial, dose-dependent weight loss, with the GLORY-2 study reporting roughly 16 percent mean body-weight reduction at the 9 mg dose, alongside favorable changes in blood pressure and lipids. In type 2 diabetes it lowered glycated hemoglobin and body weight more than the GLP-1 monotherapy dulaglutide, and it improved fatty liver and cardiometabolic markers. Gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the most common adverse events, consistent with its incretin mechanism.

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Cannabinoid

ART27-13

ART27-13 (also written ART27.13) is an experimental, orally active cannabinoid drug that acts as a potent, peripherally selective full agonist of the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Originally developed by AstraZeneca as AZD1940 and studied for pain, it is now being developed by Artelo Biosciences as a supportive treatment for cancer-related anorexia and cachexia, the syndrome of appetite loss and muscle wasting.

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Serotonergic

ATHX-105

ATHX-105 was an investigational, highly selective serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonist developed by Athersys as an oral appetite suppressant for obesity.

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Terpene

Nootkatone

Nootkatone is a sesquiterpene ketone that gives grapefruit much of its characteristic aroma and flavour. Beyond its use as a fragrance and flavouring, it is a naturally occurring activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), with preclinical evidence for enhanced energy expenditure and protection against diet-induced obesity, and it is also a recognised biopesticide and insect repellent registered with the US Environmental Protection Agency [1].

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PPAR Modulator

Oleoylethanolamide

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a naturally occurring lipid molecule that acts as a satiety signal in the body. It is the ethanolamide of oleic acid, a member of the fatty acid ethanolamide family that also includes the endocannabinoid anandamide, though OEA works through different pathways. Produced in the small intestine in response to eating fat, it reduces appetite and food intake mainly by activating the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha. It has been studied extensively in relation to feeding, body weight, and obesity, and is sold as a dietary supplement.

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