Arousal

Every compound in the sci-wiki that affects arousal; the ones you can source are floated to the front, then the reference-only entries. Tap any for the full entry, mechanism, and outlets.

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←arousal2/2

Nootropic

Orexin-A

Orexin-A, also known as hypocretin-1, is a 33-amino-acid neuropeptide produced by a small population of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus that is central to promoting wakefulness and arousal. It is one of two orexin peptides cut from a single precursor and signals through two G-protein-coupled receptors. Narcolepsy type 1 is essentially an orexin-deficiency disease, in which the roughly 70,000 orexin-producing neurons are selectively destroyed and cerebrospinal-fluid orexin becomes undetectable; this is the rationale for orexin-2 receptor agonists now in clinical trials as the first mechanism-based, replacement-style treatment rather than a symptomatic stimulant. Since its discovery in 1998 the orexin system has become a major target in sleep medicine.

1 outlet

Nootropic

Orexin-B

Orexin-B, also known as hypocretin-2, is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide made in the hypothalamus that, together with orexin-A, promotes wakefulness, arousal, and appetite. It is cut from the same precursor as orexin-A but lacks internal disulfide bonds and preferentially activates the orexin type 2 receptor. That receptor is the target of the dual orexin receptor antagonists suvorexant, lemborexant, and daridorexant, which treat insomnia by blocking the same signaling whose loss causes narcolepsy, making the two conditions pharmacological mirror images; one of these drugs was also reported to acutely lower tau and amyloid-beta in human cerebrospinal fluid. The orexin system was discovered in 1998.

1 outlet