vascular smooth muscle: nootropics and compounds | sci-wiki

Alprostadil

Alprostadil is a manufactured form of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a naturally occurring signaling lipid, used as a vasodilator and smooth muscle relaxant. Its best-known applications are the treatment of erectile dysfunction, where it is delivered directly into the penis, and the emergency care of certain newborns with congenital heart defects, in whom it keeps a fetal blood vessel open until surgery. It is also used in some countries for severe peripheral arterial disease [1][2].

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Cardiovascular

Amlodipine

Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type, one of the most widely prescribed medicines for high blood pressure and angina. It works mainly by relaxing the muscle in artery walls, which widens blood vessels, lowers blood pressure, and improves blood flow to the heart. Its very long duration of action allows once-daily dosing with a smooth, gradual effect, and it is generally well tolerated apart from ankle swelling and flushing [1].

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Cardiovascular

Benidipine

Benidipine is a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and angina, marketed chiefly in Japan under the brand name Coniel. It is unusual in blocking three types of calcium channel, the L-, N-, and T-types, rather than the L-type alone, and it also acts on the mineralocorticoid receptor. These properties are linked to protective effects on the kidneys and heart beyond simple blood-pressure lowering.

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Cardiovascular

Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin, also known as glyceryl trinitrate, is a nitrate vasodilator used chiefly to relieve and prevent the chest pain of angina. The same three-carbon molecule is the active ingredient of the well-known explosive, but in medicine it is given in tiny, controlled doses that widen blood vessels and ease the heart's workload. It has been used therapeutically since the 1870s, making it one of the oldest cardiovascular drugs still in routine use. It is supplied in several fast-acting and longer-acting forms, including sublingual tablets and sprays, ointments, skin patches, and intravenous solutions.

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PDE5

Vardenafil

Vardenafil is a prescription medication of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor class, used to treat erectile dysfunction. Marketed under brand names such as Levitra and the orally disintegrating Staxyn, it improves the ability to achieve and maintain an erection by enhancing the body's natural response to sexual stimulation. It belongs to the same drug family as sildenafil and tadalafil and is taken on demand before sexual activity.

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