GLP-1 / incretins

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Antidiabetic

Saxagliptin

Saxagliptin (brand name Onglyza) is a once-daily oral DPP-4 inhibitor, a 'gliptin,' approved for type 2 diabetes. It contains an adamantyl group in its structure. By blocking the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), it lets the gut incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP last longer; those hormones prompt the pancreas to release insulin when blood sugar is high and to cut back glucagon, so blood sugar falls in a glucose-dependent way. It lowers HbA1c with a low risk of hypoglycemia and is generally weight-neutral.

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Antidiabetic

Vildagliptin

Vildagliptin (brand name Galvus) is an oral DPP-4 inhibitor, a 'gliptin,' used for type 2 diabetes; its structure includes an adamantyl group. Like other gliptins it blocks the enzyme DPP-4 so the gut incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP persist longer, improving the pancreas's insulin and glucagon responses to glucose and lowering blood sugar. It reduces HbA1c with little effect on body weight and a low risk of hypoglycemia. It is marketed in many countries but is not FDA-approved in the United States.

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