acetylcholine and dopamine release

Every compound in the sci-wiki that affects acetylcholine and dopamine release; the ones you can source are floated to the front, then the reference-only entries. Tap any for the full entry, mechanism, and outlets.

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Nootropic

Ciproxifan

Ciproxifan never had a pharma sponsor chasing an indication; it exists almost entirely as an academic tool compound, and it became the reference histamine H3 antagonist that an entire generation of sleep, attention, and Alzheimer's-related rodent studies were built around. Its defining quirk is species selectivity: it binds rodent H3 receptors in the subnanomolar range but only moderately at the human receptor, which is exactly why it stayed a lab reagent instead of becoming a clinical candidate. Later work found it also reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A and B, an unplanned second mechanism that complicates interpreting some of the older behavioral data attributed purely to H3 blockade.

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Nootropic

S 38093

Servier, the French pharmaceutical company, developed S 38093 as a histamine H3 receptor antagonist meant to work alongside existing Alzheimer's drugs rather than replace them, stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis and boosting acetylcholine release in a way that looked synergistic with donepezil in aged-mouse models. That preclinical promise carried it into two large international Phase II programs, one alone and one combined with donepezil, enrolling more than 1,300 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease across roughly 40 countries. After a year of dosing at three different levels, none of the arms beat placebo on cognition, function, clinical global impression, or caregiver burden, and treated patients had more falls than those on placebo; Servier discontinued the program on efficacy grounds despite the drug being otherwise reasonably well tolerated.

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